Genesis 10:28

And Obal, and Abimael, and Sheba,

1. Joktan had 3 additional sons. Their names were Obal, Abimael and Sheba.

Genesis 10:27

And Hadoram, and Uzal, and Diklah,

1. Joktan had three additional sons, named Hadoram, Uzal and Diklah.

Genesis 10:26

And Joktan begat Almodad, and Sheleph, and Hazar-maveth, and Jerah,

1. Joktan, Shem's 2nd great grandson, had many sons. Four of them were Almodad, Sheleph, Hazar-maveth, and Jerah.

Genesis 10:25

And unto Eber were born two sons: the name of one was Peleg; for in his days was the earth divided; and his brother's name was Joktan.

1. Eber, a great grandson of Shem, had two sons: Peleg and Joktan.
2. The earth was divided during Peleg's lifetime.
3. The earth being divided may refer to the process by which the oceans and continents changed from what is described in Genesis 1:9 to what exists today. It could also refer to the division of the earth into countries and nations. There doesn't appear to be much additional information on the subject in the bible.

Genesis 10:24

And Arphaxad begat Salah; and Salah begat Eber.

1. Through his son, Arphaxad, Shem had a grandson named Salah and a great grandson named Eber.

Genesis 10:23

And the children of Aram; Uz, and Hul, and Gether, and Mash.

1. Shem had at least 4 grandsons through his son Aram: Uz, Hul, Gether and Mash.
2. There are lots of good ideas here for those seeking unusual names for their newborn.

Genesis 10:22

The children of Shem; Elam, and Asshur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and Aram.

1. Shem had at least 5 children (presumably sons): Elam, Asshur, Arphaxad, Lud and Aram.
2. I wonder if the Aramaic language is connected with Shem's son, Aram.

Genesis 10:21

Unto Shem also, the father of all the children of Eber, the brother of Japheth the elder, even to him were children born.

1. Shem had children.
2. Eber was a descendant of Shem.
3. Shem was a brother of Japheth.
4. Japheth apparently had a son or grandson by the same name.

Genesis 10:20

These are the sons of Ham, after their families, after their tongues, in their countries, and in their nations.

1. That concludes the list of Ham descendants as they eventually were divided into families, languages, regions and nations. This seems to confirm that the names given in the previous verses were not necessarily the names of immediate offspring, but rather the eventual groups that resulted after an unnamed number of generations.

Genesis 10:19

And the border of the Canaanites was from Sidon, as thou comest to Gerar, unto Gaza; as thou goest, unto Sodom, and Gomorrah, and Admah, and Zeboim, even unto Lasha.

1. The extent or borders of the Canaanite lands are given. Apparently, not all locations for these cities can be identified, but it came to be pretty much synonymous with current Israel.

Genesis 10:18

And the Arvadite, and the Zemarite, and the Hamathite: and afterward were the families of the Canaanites spread abroad.

1. The Arvadites, Zemarites and Hamathites descended from Canaan.
2. Canaan may have had sons named Arvad, Zemar and Hamath.
3. Eventually, Canaan's posterity spread far and wide.
4. As families grow they begin to spread out and lose touch with each other. This is not just a modern phenomenon, but occurred anciently.

Genesis 10:17

And the Hivite, and the Arkite, and the Sinite,

1. The Hivites, Arkites and Sinites also descended from Canaan. Perhaps, that means Canaan had three more sons, Hiv, Ark and Sin, but that's only a guess. Whatever their names were they may have been sons, grandsons, etc.

Genesis 10:16

And the Jebusite, and the Amorite, and the Girgasite,

1. The Jebusites, Amorites and Girgasites were also descendants of Canaan. The actual names of Canaan's sons, I am guessing, were Jebu, Amor, and Girg or Girga.

Genesis 10:15

And Canaan begat Sidon his firstborn, and Heth,

1. Canaan, a son of Ham, had at least two sons. His firstborn was Sidon, followed by Heth.

Genesis 10:14

And Pathrusim, and Casluhim, (out of whom came Philistim,) and Caphtorim.

1. Mizraim had 3 additional sons - Pathrusim, Casluhim and Caphtorim.
2. Philistim was the offspring or a descendant of Casluhim.

Genesis 10:13

And Mizraim begat Ludim, and Anamim, and Lehabim, and Naphtuhim,

1. Mizraim, a son of Ham, had 4 sons. Their names or the names of their posterity were Ludim, Anamim, Lehabim and Naphtuhim.

Genesis 10:12

And Resen between Nineveh and Calah: the same is a great city.

1. Asshur also built the great city of Resen, located between Nineveh and Calah.
2. Being a great developer may get you a minor reference in history books.
3. Note: None of the cities mentioned in this and the previous verse survived to the present day, although ruins have been discovered for a couple of them.

Genesis 10:11

Out of that land went forth Asshur, and builded Nineveh, and the city Rehoboth, and Calah,

1. Asshur left the land developed by Nimrod and was instrumental in building Nineveh, Rehoboth and Calah.

Genesis 10:10

And the beginning of his kingdom was Babel, and Erech, and Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar.

1. Nimrod apparently founded the cities of Babel (Babylon), Erech, Accad and Calneh, all in the land of Shinar.
2. Nimrod was a leader and an organizer and had many followers.

Genesis 10:9

He was a mighty hunter before the LORD: wherefore it is said, Even as Nimrod the mighty hunter before the LORD.

1. Nimrod was a great and legendary hunter.
2. Nimrod was apparently a righteous man.
3. There is nothing inherently wrong with hunting.

Genesis 10:8

And Cush begat Nimrod: he began to be a mighty one in the earth.

1. Noah had another great grandson through Ham and his son Cush named Nimrod.
2. Nimrod began to develop into a mighty man.
3. Exceptional personalities may not always show up in genealogical lists of names.