Genesis 10:28

And Obal, and Abimael, and Sheba,

1. Joktan had 3 additional sons. Their names were Obal, Abimael and Sheba.

Genesis 10:27

And Hadoram, and Uzal, and Diklah,

1. Joktan had three additional sons, named Hadoram, Uzal and Diklah.

Genesis 10:26

And Joktan begat Almodad, and Sheleph, and Hazar-maveth, and Jerah,

1. Joktan, Shem's 2nd great grandson, had many sons. Four of them were Almodad, Sheleph, Hazar-maveth, and Jerah.

Genesis 10:25

And unto Eber were born two sons: the name of one was Peleg; for in his days was the earth divided; and his brother's name was Joktan.

1. Eber, a great grandson of Shem, had two sons: Peleg and Joktan.
2. The earth was divided during Peleg's lifetime.
3. The earth being divided may refer to the process by which the oceans and continents changed from what is described in Genesis 1:9 to what exists today. It could also refer to the division of the earth into countries and nations. There doesn't appear to be much additional information on the subject in the bible.

Genesis 10:24

And Arphaxad begat Salah; and Salah begat Eber.

1. Through his son, Arphaxad, Shem had a grandson named Salah and a great grandson named Eber.

Genesis 10:23

And the children of Aram; Uz, and Hul, and Gether, and Mash.

1. Shem had at least 4 grandsons through his son Aram: Uz, Hul, Gether and Mash.
2. There are lots of good ideas here for those seeking unusual names for their newborn.

Genesis 10:22

The children of Shem; Elam, and Asshur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and Aram.

1. Shem had at least 5 children (presumably sons): Elam, Asshur, Arphaxad, Lud and Aram.
2. I wonder if the Aramaic language is connected with Shem's son, Aram.